(Optional) Brine Chicken: In a large container, combine 4 cups water, 1/4 cup kosher salt, and 1/4 cup sugar. Submerge the whole chicken and refrigerate for up to 24 hours. Remove and pat dry.
Prep Chicken: Remove giblets. Let chicken rest at room temperature for 20-30 minutes. Pat dry with paper towels.
Coat Chicken: Drizzle olive oil or spray cooking spray over the chicken. Rub with black pepper, garlic powder, and optional BBQ rub/spice mix. Ensure all areas are covered, including under wings and inside cavity.
Truss Chicken: Tie the legs together with butcher’s twine. Tuck wing tips under the back.
Preheat Smoker: Set smoker to 275°F. Prepare wood chips (cherry, apple, maple, hickory, mesquite) as desired.
Smoke Chicken: Place chicken breast-side up on smoker grate. Smoke for ~2-3 hours (approx. 30 minutes per pound). Spray with oil or melted butter after 45 minutes, and again at 1.5 hours. Rotate for even cooking.
Monitor Temperature: Use a probe thermometer. Target internal temp: Breast 165°F, Thigh 175°F. Avoid touching bone with thermometer.
Rest Chicken: Remove from smoker and let rest 15-20 minutes before slicing.
Serve: Pair with sides like mac and cheese, coleslaw, potatoes, or a fresh salad. Add sauces as desired (BBQ, Alabama white sauce, etc.).